![]() The early Christians, in considering the Old Testament, needed to decide what its role and purpose was for them, given that Christian revelation and the New Covenant might be considered to have superseded it, and many specific Old Testament rules and requirements were no longer being followed from books such as Leviticus dealing with Expounding of the Law. There are also typological concepts in pre-Pauline strata of the New Testament. The author of the First Epistle of Peter uses the term ἀντίτυπον ( antitypon) to refer to baptism. He contrasts Adam and Christ both in Romans 5 and in 1 Corinthians 15. ![]() For example, Paul in Romans 5:14 calls Adam "a type of the one who was to come" - i.e., a type of Christ. Origin of the theory Ĭhristian typology begins in the New Testament itself. To this is prefixed the Greek preposition ἀντί anti, meaning opposite, corresponding. The term is derived from the Greek noun τύπος ( typos), "a blow, hitting, stamp", and thus the figure or impression made on a coin by such action that is, an image, figure, or statue of a man also an original pattern, model, or mould. The usage of the terminology has expanded into the secular sphere for example, " Geoffrey de Montbray (d.1093), Bishop of Coutances, a right-hand man of William the Conqueror, was a type of the great feudal prelate, warrior and administrator". Typology was frequently used in early Christian art, where type and antitype would be depicted in contrasting positions. Notably, in the Eastern Orthodox Church, typology is still a common and frequent exegetical tool, mainly because oof the hurch's great emphasis on continuity in doctrinal presentation through all historical periods. Several groups favoring typology today include the Christian Brethren beginning in the 19th century for which typology was much favoured and the subject of numerous books and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. The former was associated with Hegelian theologians and the latter with Kantian analyticity. In 19th-century German Protestantism, typological interpretation was distinguished from rectilinear interpretation of prophecy. The theory began in the Early Church, was at its most influential in the High Middle Ages and continued to be popular, especially in Calvinism, after the Protestant Reformation, but in subsequent periods, it has been given less emphasis. In the fullest version of the theory of typology, the whole purpose of the Old Testament is viewed as merely the provision of types for Christ, the antitype or fulfillment. ![]() For example, Jonah may be seen as the type of Christ in that he emerged from the fish's belly and thus appeared to rise from death. Events, persons or statements in the Old Testament are seen as types prefiguring or superseded by antitypes, events or aspects of Christ or his revelation described in the New Testament. Typology in Christian theology and biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament. The Ascension from a Speculum Humanae Salvationis, c.
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